PFAS: The Forever Chemicals

What are PFAS?

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached. They are often referred to as "forever chemicals" because they are extremely persistent in the environment and can accumulate in the human body over time.

Types of PFAS

There are many different types of PFAS, but two of the most common are perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctyl sulfonate (PFOS). These chemicals have been used in a wide range of industrial and consumer products, including:

• Non-stick cookware
• Stain-resistant carpets and upholstery
• Water-resistant clothing
• Food packaging
• Firefighting foam

Health Effects of PFAS

Exposure to PFAS has been linked to a number of adverse health effects, including:

• Cancer
• Birth defects
• Immune system dysfunction
• Liver damage
• Kidney disease

PFAS in the Environment

PFAS are found in the environment all over the world. They can be released into the air, water, and soil through industrial activities, consumer product use, and waste disposal.

PFAS are very persistent in the environment and can travel long distances through air and water. They can also accumulate in the food chain, meaning that humans can be exposed to PFAS through the food they eat.

What is Being Done about PFAS?

There is growing concern about the health and environmental risks of PFAS. A number of countries have taken steps to regulate the use of these chemicals.

In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is working to develop new regulations for PFAS. The EPA is also working to clean up PFAS contamination at a number of sites across the country.